Date and Email-Line Wrapping for PHP
Sending Email with PHP – Part 3
Forward: In this part of the series we look at Date and Email-Line Wrapping for PHP.
By: Chrysanthus Date Published: 29 Jul 2012
Introduction
You need basic knowledge in PHP and HTML in order to understand this article.
Note: If you cannot see the code or if you think anything is missing (broken link, image absent), just contact me at forchatrans@yahoo.com. That is, contact me for the slightest problem you have about what you are reading.
Email Date and Time Format
Consider the following date-time example:
Fri, 21 Nov 2010 09:55:13
This is an example of an email (U.S.A) date-time format. It needs a space, a negative sign and four digits to be complete (see below). Above, you have the day of the week in letters, a comma, the day number of the month, the month in letters, the four-digit year, the hour, minutes and seconds. Date and time are usually displayed in a particular format as in the above example.
The day, e.g. Fri, is a three-letter word. The month e.g. Nov, is a three-letter word. If the number for the hour is less than 10, then it has to be preceded by zero. If the number for minutes is less than 10, then it has to be preceded by zero. If the number for seconds is less than 10, then it has to be preceded by zero. Such a zero is called a leading zero. The day number for the month does not have a leading zero.
Note the use of a comma, spaces and colons of the above example email format.
PHP has a predefined function called, the date function. In simple terms the syntax for the date function is,
string date(string $format)
The date-time returned by this function is the local server date-time. The return date is in string form. The argument $format is a string that dictates the format in which the string date should be returned.
The following expression will return the email date-time format above for the local date-time of the computer (server having the PHP script):
date("D, j M Y H:i:s")
The returned string date has the format dictated by the format argument of the function. The letters in the argument are case sensitive. In this argument, D returns a three-letter day at its position. The next thing in the argument string is a comma. The comma is returned as comma in that position. Next you have a space in the argument. The space is returned as space in that position. Next you have j. j returns a month day number without leading zero. Next you have a space, which is returned in its position and then M. M returns the month in three letters. Next you have a space, which is returned in its position. Then you have Y. Y returns the four-digit year. Then you have a space returned as space at its position.
After that you have H, which returns the 24-hour with leading zero. Next you have the colon, which is returned at its position. Then you have i that returns the minutes number with leading zero. Next you have a colon, which is returned at its position. Then you have s, which returns the seconds number with leading zero.
Try the following code, which displays date-time in email (U.S.A) format.
<?php
echo date("D, j M Y H:i:s");
?>
The lines of the header section of an email are not usually longer than 70 characters. In many cases you do not need to worry about the length of the header lines and it would suffice to just terminate a header line with rn. If you prepare your email as I described in part one of this series, then putting rn between the header lines would suffice assuming that no header line is longer than 70 characters.
The message from the Form Text Area may have lines longer than 70 characters. The user may also use blank lines to create paragraphs in the Form Text Area; that is alright. Any blank line the user might have inserted is equivalent to two newline characters. Everything being equal these newline characters shall be preserved when the receiver gets the email.
PHP has a predefined function called, wordwrap. This function would wrap a string into lines delimited by \n. In simple terms, the syntax of the function is,
string wordwrap ( string $str [, int $width])
Its first argument is the string, which you want to convert into another string of lines. It returns the string of lines. Its second argument is an integer, which gives you the number of characters (including spaces) that will be in each line. The newline character used to end each of the lines is \n.
In the previous part of the series, the variable in the script that holds the Form Text Area message, is $msgVal. So the following expression will wrap all the Text Area message into a string of 70 lines; 70 here does not include the newline character, \n :
wordwrap($msgVal, 70)
The return value will be a string in which no line is longer than 70 characters.
The $message Content
The value of $message is formed as follows:
$message = "First Name: $fnameValnLast Name: $lnameVal \nMessage: \n\n" . wordwrap($msgVal, 70);
The \n\n you see is there for formatting purposes and not to separate the email header section from the email body section. PHP inserts the blank line between the header section and the body automatically (without you knowing). The variables in the string above will be replaced by their values.
Well, we can take a break here and continue in the next part of the series.
Chrys
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